[Concordia, Harmony, Concord, etc…]

Quoting from CNG catalogue:

“SICILY, the Krimissan Alliance. Circa 320 BC. AR Hemidrachm (2.72 gm). OMONOIA, laureate female head (Homonoia or Concordia) right / KIMISS-AIWN, flaming horned altar, garlanded, with branches at sides. Jameson 559; Basel 346 (same dies); discussed by A.J. Evans, “On an Alliance Coin of Western Sicily, with the Altar of the Krimissos,” NumChron 1896, pg.140-143. … Evans suggests that this coin depicts an altar near the Krimissos river and the alliance (Homonoia) between two or more cities of the region, probably Segesta and Panormos.”

Obviously thinking about parallels to Roman or otherwise aes grave.

Selinus

Largely CAST!, typically dated to 450-415 period.  3-pellet type most common= Trionkion or Tetras.  4-pellet also known = Trias or tetronkion.  2-pellet = Hexas

There also silver fractions with five pellets usually dated to the early 5th century

Akragas

also has cast bronze denominations with 1, 2, 3, 4 pellets.  6 pellets are known in struck coinage.

The “Onkia” doesn’t have a denomination mark, but it’s fab design is clearly intended to flag its place in the denomination system:

2 – pellet:

3-pellet:

4-pellet:

Struck variations also exist:

 

Kamarina

3-pellet typically dated 420-405 BCE seems most common

1-pellets are also known

Himera

Himera, last quarter of the fifth century onwards (links to ANS specimens)

Base-12 system, six-pellet, three pellet seem most common, some four pellets

Gela

Gela, last quarter  of the fifth century – links to specimens in trade

3-pellet and 1-pellet seem most common,  assume this means a base-12 system too

Syracuse

Syracuse, last quarter  of the fifth century – links to specimens in trade

3-pellet and 1-pellet seem most common,  again I assume this means a base-12 system

Some mints producing struck Hemilitrons with pellets

Lipara, Syracuse (many AR with four spoked wheel), Akragas, Piakos, Mytistratos (mid 4th cent?), Panormos (fine rooster! and some with Punic script), Himera, Mamar, Solus (Solos, Soloi), Kamarina (?), Naxos (also silver version), Entella, Leontini, Kentoripai

4-pellet piece from Segesta misidentified as hemilitron, also Motya AR piece,

Some Bibliography on Denomination systems

La valeur des monnaies grecques en bronze / Olivier Picard. Revue Numismatique Vol. 153, 1998, p. [7]-18.

Thracian Silver

 

 

Thinking about the possible relationship of these two issues (RRC 365 and 366) as hypothesized by Crawford to both be struck to support Sulla’s move against Sertorius…

Hoards containing both closing before 70 BCE (excluding Romania)

those containing Flaccus’ issue (again excluding Romania and closing by 70 BCE):

Those containing Annius’ issue (again excluding Eastern finds and closing by 70 BCE):

Will want to come back to this and plot using dots that symbolize no. of Coins of each issue.  And check hoard lists etc.

Just another preliminary thought-experiment in my planning about how to make use of RRDP data.

When I think more about Sertorius I want to return also to this specific hoard.

Vilaret I Monfort, Joan. “Una troballa numismàtica de l’època sertoriana a l’Empordà.” Acta Numismática 6 (1976): 47-60.

 

I’m considering possible next case studies for the RRDP material.  Trying to think about what issues would be most useful to compare die counts.  This set is in the running…

—

likely 86 BCE, RRC 351/1 – Both Plebeian Aediles (imitates RRC 300/1 in design!) – under Cinna’s regime – Ceres/subsellium

likely 84 BCE, RRC 356/1 – one curule aedile – under Cinna’s regime – Cybele/curule chair

—

likely 69 BCE, RRC 406/1 – one curule aedile, SC – Vesta/sacrificial implements

likely 67 BCE, RRC 409/1-2 –both curule aediles, SC – composite deity/eagle and Cybele/curule chair

—

certain in 58 BCE, RRC 422/1–both curule aediles, SC – camel and supplicant / Jupiter, scorpion, historic legend RE Privernum

 

certain in 55 BCE, RRC 431/1 – one curule aedile – Cybele/camel and supplicant

certain in 55 BCE, RRC 432/1 – one curule aedile – Diana/goat

I want to think about RRC 405 in its post-Sullan context, but not right now.  I have other things I must get done.

 

I will need to think more about the context of RRC 365 soon.  Creating this prelimary list is part of that prep.

A [forger’s?] die of this type as show on Andrew MacCabe’s photostream

Monographs

**Depeyrot, Georges. Les monnaies hellénistiques de Marseille. Collection Moneta; 16. Wetteren: Moneta, 1999.

Barrandon, Jean-Noël and Picard, Olivier. Monnaies de bronze de Marseille: analyse, classement, politique monétaire. Cahiers Ernest-Babelon; 10. Paris: CNRS Éd., 2007.

Brenot, Claude and Scheers, Simone. Catalogue des monnaies massaliètes et monnaies celtiques du Musée des Beaux-Arts de Lyon. Leuven: Peeters, 1996.

Articles

*Brenot, Claude. “Des drachmes de Marseille aux drachmes de Cisalpine: nouvelles remarques.” Rivista di Studi Liguri 61 (1995): 15-32.

Richard, Jean-Claude. “La diffusion des monnayages massaliètes au-delà du territoire de Marseille.” In Marseille grecque et la Gaule : actes du colloque d’histoire et d’archéologie et du Vᵉ congrés archéologique de Gaule méridionale : (Marseille, 18-23 novembre 1990), Edited by Bats, Michel. Travaux du Centre Camille Jullian; 11 – Études massaliètes; 3, 255-260. Lattes (Hérault): A.D.A.M., 1992; Paris: Éd. Errance, 1992.

Beyneix, Alain. “Des estampilles sur dolia dans le sud-ouest de la Gaule à la fin de l’Âge du Fer.” Archäologisches Korrespondenzblatt 30, no. 1 (2000): 85-96.  ” The 1st century BC Stamps attached to storage vessels bear certain similarities with both massiotic amphora stamps and Roman coins. Their use is linked to the trade in which Gallic grain was exchanged for Italian wine.”

most too early or late in focus for my period

Chevillon, Jean-Albert and Lillamand, Anthony. “Marseille grecque : une série inédite d’oboles classiques à légende ionienne ΜΑΣΣΑΛΙΗΩΤΕΩΝ.” Revue Numismatique 174 (2017): 141-149.

Py, Michel. “Un pécule d’oboles de Marseille du milieu du Ve siècle avant notre ère sur l’oppidum du Marduel à Saint-Bonnet-du-Gard.” Revue Numismatique 174 (2017): 119-140.

Gentric, Gisèle and Richard Ralite, Jean-Claude. “Le triobole de Marseille, une émission d’époque classique sans lendemain ?.” Numisma 62, no. 256 (2012): 225-228.

Chevillon, Jean-Albert. “La phase postarchaïque du monnayage de Massalia.” Revue Numismatique 169 (2012): 135-158. Doi: 10.3406/numi.2012.3178

Chevillon, Jean-Albert, Bertaud, Olivier and Guernier, Roland. “Nouvelles données relatives au monnayage archaïque massaliète.” Revue Numismatique 164 (2008): 209-244. Doi: 10.3406/numi.2008.2852

Amela Valverde, Luis. “De nuevo sobre la serie de Q. Nasidius (RRC 483).” Revue Numismatique 161 (2005): 79-92.  – on narrowing down date of issue and attribution to mint of Massilia

Cahn, Herbert A.. “Artémis à Phocée.” In Ἀγαθος δαίμων: mythes et cultes : études d’iconographie en l’honneur de Lilly Kahil, Edited by Linant de Bellefonds, Pascale. Bulletin de Correspondance Hellénique. Supplément; 38, 73-75. Athènes: École Française d’Athènes, 2000.  – on early iconography

Villaronga, Leandre. “À propos de monnaies massaliotes inédites trouvées en Catalogne.” Cahiers Numismatiques 33, no. 129 (1996): 7-10.

Larozas, Christian. “Les petits bronzes à légendes ΚΥΙΞΞΟΣ ou ΚΡΙΞΞΟΣ.” Cahiers Numismatiques 33, no. 127 (1996): 19-24.

Chevillon, Jean-Albert. “Monnayage archaïque de Massalia: un type inédit à la tête de lion de face.” Cahiers Numismatiques 33, no. 129 (1996): 11-16.

Brenot, Claude. “Une étape du monnayage de Marseille: les émissions du Ve s. av. J.-C.” In Marseille grecque et la Gaule : actes du colloque d’histoire et d’archéologie et du Vᵉ congrés archéologique de Gaule méridionale : (Marseille, 18-23 novembre 1990), Edited by Bats, Michel. Travaux du Centre Camille Jullian; 11 – Études massaliètes; 3, 245-253. Lattes (Hérault): A.D.A.M., 1992; Paris: Éd. Errance, 1992.

Hobbs, Richard. “Bes, butting bulls, and bars : the life of coinage at Pompeii.” In The economy of Pompeii, Edited by Flohr, Miko and Wilson, Andrew. Oxford Studies on the Roman Economy, 339-362. Oxford: Oxford University Pr., 2017.

Abstract:  “Analysis of the Republican coins found in the excavation by the Anglo-American Project in Pompeii of insula VI 6 in the north of Pompeii, with an emphasis on the circulation, in the 2nd and early-1st cents. B.C., of large quantities of coins from cities in the western Mediterranean, particularly Ebusus and Massalia. Alongside these, there were locally or regionally produced imitations of these coins. Both sets of coins shed new light on the commercial ties of Pompeii and the Bay of Naples region during the period. Based on exploration of the relation between coin finds and coin use, it is argued that in insula VI 6 coins were found mostly in places with a commercial function, and come from houses only rarely.”

I’d love to hear what Stannard thinks of this write up…

Cf.  Pardini, Giacomo. “« Consumo » e « produzione » di moneta a Pompei tra tarda repubblica e primo impero: spunti per una riflessione.” Annali dell’Istituto Italiano di Numismatica 59 (2013): 101-142.

Abstract:  “Presentation of the discoveries in Regio VIII.7.1-15 of Pompeii of Ebusitana and Massaliota money and of imitations issued by the so-called pseudo-mint of Pompeii, occurred by the University of Cincinnati during the 2005-2009 excavation campaigns. The introduction to Pompeii of the coins of Ebusus and Massalia can be dated to the first half of the 2nd century. a.C., the circulation of the Pompeian imitations is a little later (120-80 / 70 BC approx.) and both phenomena are due to the historical and economic dynamics that affected the western Mediterranean at that time.

Elena Gagliano,  ‘Berreti de Dioscuri’ e campanelle spartane : Rfilessi di rapporti cultu(r)ali sugli episemata monetali. “ Rivista italiana di numismatica e scienze affini v.17, 2018, p.33-62.  Must ILL.

Focuses on the pilos and stars.  Discusses coin but also Skyphoi  including the Odysseus and Circe one.