Triantafillou Handout

“The Marmorata, on the Tiber, the ancient port of Rome” The Illustrated London News, 5 Feb 1870. Public Domain.

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Plan indicating the excavation areas (Sectors A-C) of the Emporium (Bianchi 2007: 97 fig. 1). In copyright: display for purposes this conference is ‘Fair Use’.
Plan of Sector A remains (Meneghini 1985b: 436, fig. 3). In copyright: display for purposes this conference is ‘Fair Use’.
Plan of Sector B remains (Meneghini 1985b: 436, fig. 3). In copyright: display for purposes this conference is ‘Fair Use’.
Photo of Sector B remains of the Emporium on the Marmorata bank (Meneghini 1985b: 433, fig. 1). In copyright: display for purposes this conference is ‘Fair Use’.
Reconstruction of Sector B cross section – 2nd century AD (Meneghini 1985a: 168 fig. 143) In copyright: display for purposes this conference is ‘Fair Use’.

Reconstruction of Sector B cross section – 1st century AD (Meneghini 1985a: 167 fig. 142). In copyright: display for purposes this conference is ‘Fair Use’.
Photo of the excavations of the Emporium on the Marmorata bank – Sector C (Castagnoli 1980: Plate II, fig. 3). In copyright: display for purposes this conference is ‘Fair Use’.
Elevation and plan of Sector C (Gatti 1936). Copyright status not established: display for purposes this conference is ‘Fair Use’.

Isometric reconstruction of Sector C (Meneghini 1985a: 170, fig. 145). In copyright: display for purposes this conference is ‘Fair Use’.
Theoretical reconstruction of a Roman pile-driver (Adam 1999: 109 Fig. 243). In copyright: display for purposes this conference is ‘Fair Use’.
Theoretical reconstruction of a Roman pile-driver on a floating raft (Rowland and Howe 1999: 254 Fig. 89.6) In copyright: display for purposes this conference is ‘Fair Use’.
Illustration of cofferdam according to Vitruvius’s text in 5.12.5-6 (Dubois 1902: 461 Fig. 3) Public Domain.
Drawing of the construction of London Bridge by William Henry Kearney, 1826 (British Museum) Public Domain.
Illustration of water extraction by buckets (Ramelli 1588) Public Domain.
Illustration of a water wheel (Vitruvius, Loeb edition, vol.2 p.392-3) Public Domain.
Illustration of a water screw (Vitruvius, Loeb edition, vol.2 p.392-3) Public Domain.

TABLES

Manpower is quantified in man-days.

Estimated 1 man-day = 10 hours of work

Estimated duration of the building season = 270 days per year

Estimated duration of the building season for non-weather sensitive tasks = 360 days per year

1 Roman foot = 0.295 meters

  • Minimum volume of water to bail out of each cofferdam = 135 cubic meters
    • It would take 2 laborers less than one day to bail out one cofferdam
    • Using 16 laborers would have the cofferdam bailed out in one hour

REFERENCES

Vitruvius 5.12.5-6 (cofferdam/double caisson)

Vitruvius 10.4-8 (mechanisms for water extraction)

Bianchi, E. 2007. “I bolli laterizi del porto fluviale romano di lungotevere Testaccio” BullCom 108: 89-124.

Castagnoli, F. 1980. “Installazioni portuali a Roma” MAAR 36: 35-42.

Cressedi, G. 1956. “Roma. Sterri al lungotevere Testaccio” NSc: 19-52.

Domínguez-Delmás, M. et al. 2014. “Long-distance oak supply in mid-2nd century AD revealed: the case of a Roman harbour (Voorburg-Arentsburg) in the Netherlands” Journal of Archaeological Science 41: 642-654.

Dubois, Ch. 1902. “Observations sur un passage de Vitruve” MEFRA 22: 439-67.

Eubanks, J. 1930. “Navigation on the Tiber,” The Classical Journal 25:9, 683-695.

Gatti, G. 1936. “L’arginatura del Tevere a Marmorata (un manoscritto inedito del P. Luigi M. Bruzza)” BullCom LXIV: 55-82.

Le Gall, J. 2005. Il Tevere. Fiume di Roma nell’antichità. Roma: Edizioni Quasar.

Meneghini, R. 1985a. “Attività e installazioni portuali lungo il Tevere. La riva dell’Emporium” in Misurare la terra: centuriazione e coloni mondo romano. Città, agricoltura, commercio, materiali da Roma e dal Suburbio. Modena: Edizioni Panini, 162-171.

Meneghini, R. 1985b. “Scavo di Lungotevere Testaccio” in Roma. Archeologia nel Centro, Lavori e Studi di Archeologia 6,II. Eds., A.M. Bietti Sestieri et al. Roma: De Luca, 433-441.

Mocchegiani Carpano, C., R. Meneghini and L. Travaini. 1985. “Saggio di pianta archeologica del Tevere: Tav. 1” Bollettino di Numismatica 5: 9-162.

Pegoretti, G. 1863-1864. Manuale pratico per l’estimazione dei lavori architettonici, stradali, idraulici e di fortificazione, per l’uso degli ingegneri ed architetti. 2nd ed. Revised by A. Cantalupi. Milan: D. Silvae e Co.

Ramelli, A. 1588. Le diverse et artificiose machine del Capitano Agostino Ramelli. Paris: In casa del’autore.

Rowland, I.D. and Howe, T.N., eds. 1999. Vitruvius. Ten Books on Architecture. Translated by I.D. Rowland. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

Ulrich, R. 2007. Roman woodworking. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press.